The world-first trial of a fridge-free tetanus-diphtheria vaccine has produced encouraging results that could improve access worldwide to crucial treatments, while reducing carbon emissions.

Around half of vaccines are wasted globally each year, according to the World Health Organization. Millions of doses are lost because of temperature changes during storage and transport.

Fridge-free vaccines have the potential to transform vaccine delivery by reducing this dependence on refrigeration. This would improve access in more isolated communities and cut the environmental impact by reducing vast amounts of energy that lead to emissions.

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